The main aim of this contribution is comparison of method for evaluation of nonwovens surface uniformity based on the data in the form of rectangular arrays (quadrat method). These data can be obtained from digital images where the variation of mass is characterizes by the variation of grey level image. The evaluation of uniformity is based on the variation coefficient model, ANOVA model and spatial descriptors of irregularity

In this paper, we present a new fuzzy selection criterion which takes into account both the sensitivity of measured data and human knowledge concerning the relations between process parameters and quality features of nonwoven product. This selection criterion permits to rank the process parameters of the related nonwoven production line and take the most relevant ones as input variables of the model for designing new nonwovens products. Compared with the classical selection criteria, the proposed method is more robust and less sensitive to proximities of measurement and uncertainties. This method has been validated using real data collected from a nonwoven process and a predefined questionnaire filled by experts.

We propose the interactive cloth simulation considering airflow. For this purpose, the implicit method and airflow model are introduced. Also, a computer mouse and a microphone are used as the interface of handling and airflow. As a result, we could simulate the behavior of cloth depending on handling and airflow on real time.

A computer simulation model, based on theoretical analysis, has been developed to investigate and quantify how variation of particle shapes can affect the resulting filtration performance. The software tool geometrically models 3D woven fabrics, interfaces with CFD tools to numerically determine the fluid flow paths, implements particles of various shapes and sizes, and employs a force model as the foundation of its capture and positioning mechanisms. When a particle is intercepted by the fabric, the various forces exerted on it are utilized to predict the particle’s movement over the fabric surface. These forces are derived from particle-fabric interactions such as friction and normal contact force, as well as particle-fluid interactions such as drag, buoyancy and particle weight. When these forces are in equilibrium, the particle is consequently deposited on the fabric. However, the subsequent motion of the particle is also controlled by particle-particle interactions due to collision and the van der Waals forces between such particles. The identical filtration process scenario are simulated in this work with different particles of spherical, ellipsoid, discus and needle shapes. By using the predicted results as the comparison criteria, it is revealed that the particle shape is a significant parameter that influences the filtration characteristics and the transient behaviour of cake formation.

A computer simulation model, based on theoretical analysis, has been developed to investigate and quantify how variation of particle shapes can affect the resulting filtration performance. The software tool geometrically models 3D woven fabrics, interfaces with CFD tools to numerically determine the fluid flow paths, implements particles of various shapes and sizes, and employs a force model as the foundation of its capture and positioning mechanisms. When a particle is intercepted by the fabric, the various forces exerted on it are utilized to predict the particle’s movement over the fabric surface. These forces are derived from particle-fabric interactions such as friction and normal contact force, as well as particle-fluid interactions such as drag, buoyancy and particle weight. When these forces are in equilibrium, the particle is consequently deposited on the fabric. However, the subsequent motion of the particle is also controlled by particle-particle interactions due to collision and the van der Waals forces between such particles. The identical filtration process scenario are simulated in this work with different particles of spherical, ellipsoid, discus and needle shapes. By using the predicted results as the comparison criteria, it is revealed that the particle shape is a significant parameter that influences the filtration characteristics and the transient behaviour of cake formation.

For the application of apparel industry, 3D body measurements are the minimal arc length distances between the point couples along the body surface. The calculation of geodesics is nontrivial, and can only be approximated for free-form surfaces, because the computation of geodesics requires solving a set of ordinary differential equations (geodesics equations), which do not exhibit any closed form solution for free-form surfaces. In this article, the method of radial basis function (RBF) is used in solving the geodesics equations based on the bicubic tensor product Bezier patches. This method does not require any mesh to support the localized approximations. The accuracy and efficiency of this meshless collocation method are examined by comparison to the Ritz’s method.

For the application of apparel industry, 3D body measurements are the minimal arc length distances between the point couples along the body surface. The calculation of geodesics is nontrivial, and can only be approximated for free-form surfaces, because the computation of geodesics requires solving a set of ordinary differential equations (geodesics equations), which do not exhibit any closed form solution for free-form surfaces. In this article, the method of radial basis function (RBF) is used in solving the geodesics equations based on the bicubic tensor product Bezier patches. This method does not require any mesh to support the localized approximations. The accuracy and efficiency of this meshless collocation method are examined by comparison to the Ritz’s method.

At the present there exist two different types of riot helmet shells, a thermoplastic and a composite shell. The composite shell is believed to be superior in impact performance, but more expensive and complicated in manufacturing partially due to the fact that the textile reinforcement material has to be cut into pattern pieces before they can be applied to the helmet shaped mould. However, the discontinuation of fibres is likely to reduce the level of protection and shorten the lifetime of a helmet. The aim of this research is to develop a helmet shell consisting of a single-piece of fabric without creating wrinkles and without the necessity of cutting the fabric. For this purpose, a new type of woven fabric has been developed and an apparatus has been set up to drape the fabric to a helmet shell. The helmet shell was manufactured using a single piece of Kevlar woven fabric. In parallel the finite element method is applied to investigate the shock absorption behaviour of the helmet shell made from both multi-piece and single-piece fabric reinforcements. The results show clearly the advantage of the single-piece helmet shell over its existing multi-piece counterpart.

Knitted fabrics can be made to vibrate as a speaker by laminating it with Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) strips to form curved arch laminated at the ends. The PVDF strip would vibrate due to the piezo electric effect when a 200 Vrms voltage is applied.A two-dimensional analytical prediction model is created based on the principles of stress and strain behaviour of a curved laminated arch. The model predicts the radial displacement of the arch with respect to the frequency of the excitation voltage of the PVDF strips. The Sound Propagation Level (SPL) at a particular point from the arch surface is modelled as a simple sound source in an infinite baffle. The acoustic pressure is linked with the radial displacement in the model. Simulation is carried out on structural properties of the fabric to discern the resonance region of the speaker vital for Active Noise Control to reduce automotive interior noise.

Dynamic ease allowance is the amount of spacing between the garment and the wearer that is required to allow the wearer to performance certain posture. Without sufficient dynamic ease allowance, the motion of the wearer will be restricted. In this article, the authors present a single parameter model, which aims at calculating the minimal surface needed for performing some required postures. In this model, the boundary conditions are imposed at the wrist and waist. An additional collocation condition is imposed at the armhole. The minimal surface must pass through both end points (wrist and waist) and the collocation point (armhole). The formulation will be presented and compared with physical data.

Efficient and realistic rendering of knitwear is of great interest especially in the context of e- commerce. Computing geometry play key role in the generation of realistic images, and also has important application in real-time rendering. This paper presents a method for rendering realistic knitwear. Triangles are used to subdivide the yarn surface so that graphics can be obtained quickly and efficiently.