Based on the annual average PM2.5 concentration data, economic data and health data from 2017 to 2020 in 2+26 cities, we evaluated the health effects and health and economic losses attributable to ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$ pollution in eight health end points (premature death, outpatient visit, hospitalization and illness). The results showed that the average annual ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$ concentration, health effects of each disease, economic loss, total health effects and total economic loss in 2+26 cities gradually decreased from 2017 to 2020, but the health effects and economic loss in some cities increased in 2020. The health endpoints with the highest economic losses were chronic bronchitis and premature death, followed by acute bronchitis, asthma, asthma, and asthma, followed by acute bronchitis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory hospitalizations, and finally pediatrics and internal medicine. Based on the above results, the reduction o ${\rm PM}_{2.5}{\rm f}$ concentration was the main reason for the reduction of health effects and health economic effects attributed to ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$ in 2+26 cities. There is still room for further reduction of PM2.5 pollution in each city. Therefore, cities can still take corresponding measures to control ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$ pollution in the future to reduce health benefits and health economic benefits caused by ${\rm PM}_{2.5}.$ However, we also found that the reduction of health effects and health economic effects and the magnitude of reduction differed greatly among cities with different levels of development. Therefore, for some cities with a low level of economic development, they are facing the pressure of economic development and the pressure of reducing pollution. How to achieve the effect of reducing haze pollution while developing the economy is the problem that these cities need to solve at present.