In this study, the structural model of a high-aspect-ratio wing is unknown but its structural deformation is measured at some attack angles in a pressured wind tunnel. To implement the static aeroelastic computation at an arbitrary state, an inversion method is proposed to derive the structural stiffness from the known deformation. The wing is simplified into a single-beam model and its bending and torsional flexibility distributions are respectively expressed as a linear combination of several selected basis functions. The bending deformation can be then expressed as a linear combination of the bending deformations of the models structurally characterized by each basis function, which are gradually evaluated by loading the aerodynamic loads computed at the chosen design state. Based on the measured deformation, the bending stiffness distribution is ultimately fitted by a least square method. The torsional stiffness distribution is solved in the same way. Resultantly, a structural deformation-based computational method for static aeroelasticity of a high-aspect-ratio wing model is achieved by combining the structural stiffness inversion method with a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-computational structural dynamics (CSD) algorithm. The present method is applied to the design and validation states and the numerical results agree well with the experimental data.