@Article{CiCP-12-479,
author = {Yongsam Kim, Yunchang Seol, Ming-Chih Lai and Charles S. Peskin},
title = {The Immersed Boundary Method for Two-Dimensional Foam with Topological Changes},
journal = {Communications in Computational Physics},
year = {2012},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {479--493},
abstract = {<p style="text-align: justify;">We extend the immersed boundary (IB) method to simulate the dynamics
of a 2D dry foam by including the topological changes of the bubble network. In the
article [Y. Kim, M.-C. Lai, and C. S. Peskin, J. Comput. Phys. 229: 5194-5207, 2010], we
implemented an IB method for the foam problem in the two-dimensional case, and
tested it by verifying the von Neumann relation which governs the coarsening of a
two-dimensional dry foam. However, the method implemented in that article had an
important limitation; we did not allow for the resolution of quadruple or higher order
junctions into triple junctions. A total shrinkage of a bubble with more than four edges
generates a quadruple or higher order junction. In reality, a higher order junction is
unstable and resolves itself into triple junctions. We here extend the methodology previously introduced by allowing topological changes, and we illustrate the significance
of such topological changes by comparing the behaviors of foams in which topological
changes are allowed to those in which they are not.</p>},
issn = {1991-7120},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4208/cicp.181210.080811s},
url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/cicp/7300.html}
}