@Article{CiCP-24-672,
author = {Lorenzo Siddi, Emanuele Cazzola and Giovanni Lapenta},
title = {Comparison of Preconditioning Strategies in Energy Conserving Implicit Particle in Cell Methods},
journal = {Communications in Computational Physics},
year = {2018},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {672--694},
abstract = {<p style="text-align: justify;">This work presents a set of preconditioning strategies able to significantly
accelerate the performance of fully implicit energy-conserving Particle-in-Cell methods
to a level that becomes competitive with semi-implicit methods. We compare
three different preconditioners. We consider three methods and compare them with a
straight unpreconditioned Jacobian Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) implementation. The
first two focus, respectively, on improving the handling of particles (particle hiding)
or fields (field hiding) within the JFNK iteration. The third uses the field hiding preconditioner
within a direct Newton iteration where a Schwarz-decomposed Jacobian is
computed analytically. Clearly, field hiding used with JFNK or with the direct Newton-Schwarz
(DNS) method outperforms all method. We compare these implementations
with a recent semi-implicit energy conserving scheme. Fully implicit methods are still
lag behind in cost per cycle but not by a large margin when proper preconditioning is
used. However, for exact energy conservation, preconditioned fully implicit methods
are significantly easier to implement compared with semi-implicit methods and can be
extended to fully relativistic physics.</p>},
issn = {1991-7120},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4208/cicp.OA-2017-0171},
url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/cicp/12276.html}
}