In the West, it is debatable whether children, adult or dependent, have
filial obligations to their parents. By contrast, filial piety serves as one of the
essential virtues in the Confucian tradition, which had not only dominated premodern East Asian societies but is recently promoted by 21st century Chinese
government. Loving one's parents, in turn, is said to be the most fundamental
and strongest human emotion praised by Confucians. This paper is not to
provide justifications for treating filial piety as a virtue. But using a temporal
framework, it offers a more complicated reading of the affection for parents
presented in the Analects and the Mencius. While young children have strong
emotional attachment to parents, adults' love to their parents is sporadic and
inconsistent. To address the deficit of emotions in adults' interaction with
their parents, Confucians use young children’s mindset—strong affection to
parents—to both justify and motivate filial actions. This paper criticizes the
view that simply equalizes consanguineous affection to xiao (filial piety). It
contends that xiao, as a virtue, cannot be automatically generated by original
family affection. Instead, filial-oriented rituals, as Confucians advocate, is
supposed to foster an affectionate relation between parent and child.